NAD+ Protocol
Dosing & Research
Last Updated: September 4, 2026
- Amino Acid Sequence
- N/A - dinucleotide, not a peptide
- Molecular Formula
- C21H27N7O14P2
- Molecular Weight
- 663.43 g/mol
- CAS Number
- 53-84-9
Cellular energy metabolism, Sirtuin-related research, Mitochondrial function, Age-related metabolic decline
How It Works
- Cellular energy metabolism
- Sirtuin-related research
- Mitochondrial function
- Age-related metabolic decline
Dosing Structure
Example Protocols
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What Is NAD+?
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a coenzyme present in every cell that acts as an electron carrier in energy production and as a substrate for enzymes like sirtuins and PARP that govern DNA repair and stress response. NAD+ levels decline approximately 50% between ages 40–60 in multiple tissues. Supplementation research explores whether restoring NAD+ levels can slow aging-related decline in metabolism, cognition, and cellular integrity.
- ▸NR supplementation (Elysium Basis trial, 2018; PMID: 29184669): 250 mg and 500 mg NR daily raised whole-blood NAD+ by 40% and 90% respectively over 8 weeks in healthy older adults - first confirmed human evidence that oral NAD+ precursors raise systemic NAD+.
- ▸NMN in older adults (Yamaguchi et al., 2022; PMID: 34912960): 250 mg/day oral NMN for 12 weeks significantly increased blood NAD+ and improved muscle performance metrics in older men.
- ▸IV NAD+ (case series, Birkmayer): Intravenous NAD+ infusion (500–1000 mg) acutely raises blood NAD+ to supraphysiological levels; used clinically in addiction treatment research.
- ▸Sirtuin activation: In aged mice, NMN administration restored NAD+ to youthful levels, improved mitochondrial function, and increased physical endurance by ~80% vs. untreated aged controls (Gomes et al., 2013; PMID: 24231807).
- ▸Cognitive function: NMN supplementation in 12-month-old mice improved spatial learning and memory performance; proposed mechanism involves cerebrovascular NAD+ restoration.
Evidence Summary
Commonly Researched With
Research & Studies
- Curated References
- CuratedPubMedPMID 29632129NAD+ repletion improves muscle function in muscular dystrophy and counters global parainflammation↗Sci Transl Med · 2016 · Ryu D, Zhang H, Ropelle ER, et al.animalmechanismmuscle
- CuratedPubMedPMID 33298628Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women↗Science · 2021 · Yoshino M, Yoshino J, Kayser BD, et al.humandosingmetabolic
- CuratedPubMedPMID 35068687NMN administration in healthy male adults: effects on NAD metabolism and safety↗NPJ Aging · 2022 · Yamaguchi S, et al.humandosingsafety
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